Xuan Paper and Chinese Painting and Calligraphy

Chinese paper for calligraphy and painting refers to the use of Chinese brush and Chinese painting and painting art paper. It has a history of 1,800 years and has a long history. It is the crystallization of Chinese culture, art and science. As Comrade Guo Moruo said: "Chinese calligraphy and paintings have left it, and they cannot express the miracle of art." Now from the history of Chinese calligraphy, the history of painting, and the description of paper by famous calligraphers and artists in history, combined with the advancement of papermaking technology, we will discuss the evolution of Chinese calligraphy and painting.
1. Cai Lun invented the paper for the deeds. Eighty years later, Zeng Miaoguang's Zuo Bo calligraphy paper (105-264 AD, 159 years) was appeared. Historical records: Chinese kanji calligraphy is an elegant art of the United States. Contrast to the various national languages ​​in the world, it is generally used as a means of expressing ideology, and unique Chinese characters have been used for more than 6,000 years, from pictorial symbols to creation, Stereotypes, from ancient elephants to Xiaoyan, and Lishu, regular script, running script, cursive, and various fonts have produced the unique calligraphy arts of various national languages ​​in the world, which can be started from ancient pottery, Yin Shang, Oracle, the early Qin Shi Longwen, the Han Dynasty stone tablets and seals, bamboo slips developed, until the Eastern Han Dynasty and the emperor (AD 7105) Cai Lun invented the plant fiber paper, only laid the foundation for the paper as a Chinese calligraphy and painting paper.
Calligraphy is expressed as an art, and the quality requirements for paper are different from those for the book. To this end, it injects the hard work and hard work of papermakers to improve quality. Eighty years after Cai Lun’s paperwork, that is, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (around 185 AD), the calligrapher Zuo Bo inherited and developed Cai Lun’s papermaking technology and created Zuo Bo’s “Zhong Miao Chen Guang” paper, adopted by calligraphers. Create a new era of calligraphy paper.
Zhang Huaihua's book breaks the volume of a set: "Zebo Zizi, Shandong Donglai people, agents eight points (UUYU name). Known for the late Han, can even make paper." To Zuo Bo's assessment, the scribe's calligrapher Xiao Ziliang replied to Wang Shushu: "The paper of the sons and daughters, the wonderful glow."
The calligrapher Wei Bosheng of the Zuo Bo contemporary was a famous calligrapher who was born in the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He compares Zuo Bo's paper to the Li Bo Se silk used by the great calligrapher Cai Yan.) When the emperor ordered him to address the issue, Wei designated Zhang Zhibi, Zuo Bozhi, and his own ink to be able to write good characters. (Originally see Zhang Huai's "book off").
2. Lanting Paper represents the evolution and progress of the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the development and advancement of the Shuohua painting paper (August 266-68 AD 353 years) during the Southern and Southern Northern Dynasties. It opened a new page in the history of Chinese calligraphy and produced a large calligraphy. Home famous doctors, Wang Jizhi and other famous artists, the artist does not use paper for painting, such as the Eastern Jin Dynasty Gu Mei's "female history deer circle" and accompany Zhang Zi's "You Chuntu", but their works are copy books. For this reason, the evolution of calligraphy and painting papers for the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties should focus on the study of calligrapher's copybook paper.
Zhongba’s main works of art are regular books, and Wang Wuzhi’s main works of art are cursive. They set a good example of script, script, and cursive beauty. Later scholars of the ages, and even east of Japan, were morrisoned by Wang Mengzhi and even honored the king as "a holy book." Wang Taizhi's calligraphic work Lan Ting Xuan is known as the first line of the world, and Lan Ting Xuan is a compelling slogan for his leisurely trips with his friends. The original "Ling Ting Zhao Zhiling Mausoleum" was followed by Taizong buried.
What kind of raw materials and processes are used to produce silkworm cocoon? It is a matter of concern to everyone. Because he represented the evolution and progress of the calligraphy and painting papers of Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. The history of the book hangs: The process of writing, "Mei-Mei Jian, absolutely nothing." After writing, residual ink marks are carved in three points. The solid quality of this paper. More worth exploring. Mr. Liu Shenmei, an old book painter of the Zhejiang Library, can be used as a reference for the Ming Dynasty silkworm cocoon. The paper has a solid and smooth appearance, polished on both sides, and the glossy medium is beige, similar to the appearance of silk. The paper research institute of the Ministry of Light Industry, Wang Juhua and Li Yuhua, two engineers came to take the silkworm cocoon fiber for microscopic analysis, identified as 100% skin grafting system, paper with curtain printing, plus starch 'paper weight 143 g/m2, tightness 0. 95g/m2, this paper is the silkworm silk paper of the Ming dynasty, although it is not a good example, but it is very lively to the calligrapher Mi with "book history", which has verified the ancient name calligrapher's writing paper, Jinnanbei Dynasty Due to the sticky paper, it is inferred that the Fulin summoned paper may also be manufactured by Youpi, not the silkworm cocoon. Liu Yiguang wrote "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", which reads, "Wang Lanzhi's book, Lan Ting Xu, uses silkworm silk paper, and the paper resembles leather and repairs. Therefore, from many aspects, silkworm coffin paper inherited and developed the "tree skin" used by Cai Lun Paper. Leather made paper.
In order to demonstrate the era of Wang Shuzhi (AD 303-361), it was necessary to further investigate whether Zhang Zhi used coating technology. The ancient library department of the Zhejiang Library preserved a scroll that had not been written. The preliminary period was the copying paper of the Northern Dynasties. It was about 400 AD and was similar to Wang Xizhi's Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was written by Dun Moros (344- 413) Translation of Dazhi Degree Theory. The two engineers of the Ministry of Light Industry Li Yuhua and Wang Juhua assisted in the analysis and asked the Chinese Buddhism Association Wang Guangdong of Guangji Temple to appraise that the scriptures had many strange characters and looked through the light. However, the horizontal curtains were curved and the thickness was different. Species creation. There are nearly ten bottom lines for an inch of wood grain. The papermaking raw material is 100% ramie fiber, and the paper has starch and white mineral coating processing technology, thereby improving the performance of the base paper, increasing the whiteness and the ink performance of the paper, and then polishing the paper surface. Improve the level of surface smoothness and paper tightness, paper fast, smooth writing. The analysis of the paper copied from the Northern Dynasty proves that the coating technology has been widely used in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties (the back of the paper is very rough and is an unbleached natural fiber).
In summary, the evolution of the Jinnanbei Dynasty calligraphy and painting paper is to improve the bast fiber production of true color paper pulp and copy the original paper, and further use of new technology on the paper surface coating process.
By the Tang and Five Dynasties, the raw materials used for copying and calligraphy were expanded, such as hemp, bark, mulberry, cane and a few other leather materials. The name of the paper for calligraphy and painting is named after the raw material or the appearance or the name of the place. Such as the so-called hemp paper, grid paper (or name fragrant paper), rattan paper, mulberry paper, mesh paper, boxing rattan paper, crepe paper, incense paper (made of incense bark) and so on.
3. After the precision processing, the closed paper, copy paper, and Nantang Chengxintang paper represented the prosperity of the Tang and Five Dynasties calligraphy and painting papers (618 years from 618 to 959).
The Tang Dynasty was a period of feudal economic, political, and cultural prosperity in China. Ma Zonghu's Shulin Algae Kampo contained: "The Tang Dynasty bookstores flourished and was not reduced to the Jin Dynasty. It was devoted to the study of calligraphy, since the beginning of Tang Dynasty," throughout the Tang Dynasty. Calligraphy, both previous inheritance and innovation, there are a lot of calligraphy art treasures, there are many famous paintings and calligraphy papers in various places, the book family came out. At the beginning, Tang Ouyang (Ouyanggou), Yan (Yong Shinan), Yan (Zhu Rongliang), Xue (Xue Xi), Yan (Yan Zhenqing) and Liu (public power), Yan was the founder of the new book. The famous calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty had a total of 245 people. Many copybooks have also been copied by the learners.
In terms of the art of painting, the first artist to use the raw paper to paint is the Tang wu Daozi (AD 688-758), which is known to the world as the “Painting of the Holy Grail”. The paintings of Tian Long Ba Bu Tuan, and the paper painting “Bai Ji Ying Luo Fo Xiang” are all painted on paper. The reformed version is a paper-based painting, a reform and innovation that the Tang Dynasty painters broke through for hundreds of years. As for the paper's ink-making properties, it is not easy for ink to absorb ink, and Chang Jun is inferior to paper. It has long been familiar to calligraphers. However, painters use mostly fine-grained ink lines for painting, and then fill with Danqing. It is more appropriate. Wu Daozi reformed the ancient brush painting method, created a pen writing method with a medicinal pattern such as a medicine stick, and used a defocused ink line, a light-colored drawing method, and paper painting to create a new material and a new painting method. The painters Han Or, Geng Hong, Han Yuan, and the five generations of famous painters Ju Ran have made treasures with paper and retained them till now.
1. Tang Yongjia adjusts sun paper and saves money. It is yellow paper that the paper workers who copy the additional paper can be exempted from “Yongjia County Chronicle”.
The method of manufacture is to use Liufen and Feifu, and the Linlin boiled to cool. The paper must be won first, dried, then brushed with a large amount of medicine, on both sides of the paper, and then wait for dry, wrong, and then use a coarse cloth into a block and ponder. The doctors are eager to buy and their quality is similar to that of Lang Xin Tang. "" Heavenly Creations "is contained:. Yongjia key measures paper is also mulberry paper." For this Tang Yongjiao calendar standard paper is mulberry food grade for the paper, and then coated with cavity coating wax production. The Chinese and Korean wet paintings “Five Niu Diagrams” on the above table (demonstrating that some people were making paintings, the sample was analyzed, and it was determined to be mulberry paper with a glossy paper surface. The paper surface was covered with a wax layer, and the color was light yellow, and the paper was well organized. Through the analysis of the paper pattern and the basic taxation of the records of Tang Yongjia's pseudo-standard papers, it was said that the Tang Dynasty calligraphy and painting papers were manufactured after precision processing.
2. South Tangpo Xintang Paper is the fifth generation of South Tang Li Xiang (939-978 AD), named after Cheng Xintang, who was a feudal ancestor. It is a high-quality calligraphy and painting paper that is highly praised by the painter and painter. The paper of Chengxintang is the offset paper produced by Chizhou, Anhui Province, and is processed by precision processing in Nanjing Gongting. It is a leather processing paper. Set: "Li Zhi Cheng Xintang is the first, and it is the second county of Jiangnan Chi Miao. This is not a boutique product." Chengxintang Paper is another proof of processing coated paper. It is a method of verifying the authenticity of Chengxintang paper in the history of Mi Mou's History of Books; Have gone, paper recovery, 10,000 pools are also."
3. Written papers in the Tang Dynasty were processed by Huang Meijiao or plastic paintbrushes into yellow paper. Zhao Xige, "Dong Tianqing Records Collection," "The hard yellow paper used by the Tang dynasty for the Book of Scripture, was dyed with a yellow base, and its use was increased. The pulp is sleek and slippery. Therefore, good book writers often take words." The ancient library of the Zhejiang Library contains the Tang writing paper. There is a respectful inscription on the famous calligraphy master writer Hong Yi of Zhejiang Mingyu. The paper is delicate. The paper is processed paper that is yellow-stained and dyed in yellow. The raw material is 100% bast fiber and coated with a large amount of starch.
To sum up, the Tang and Five Dynasties produced tribute papers from the Dacheng Dacheng Fiber Co., Ltd., which included the paper-making, paper-pressing, and paper-filled papers with precision processing. It was a groundbreaking nameplate for processing calligraphy and painting. The prosperity of the Tang Dynasty calligraphy and painting paper. Thanks to the mass production of paper, its wide application, and the smooth flow of east-west traffic, the manufacture of paper has not only spread across the country, but has also spread to North Korea, Japan, Central Asia, and Cairo. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty was a flourishing period for the development of the paper industry, and it was also the heyday of famous Chinese and foreign papers and calligraphy.