At present, the status of China's forestry resources and natural environment According to the Fourth National Forest Resources Survey, the country's forest coverage rate has increased from 8.6% in the 1940s to 13.92%, the existing forest area is 134 million hectares, and the forest stock volume is 10.1 billion. cubic meter. Although the absolute value of China's forest area and stock volume is considerable, it occupies a certain position in the world, but due to the country’s large population, per capita forest area and per capita reserves are only equivalent to 12% and 13% of the world’s per capita level, respectively. At the same time, it is a small number of countries with a severe shortage of forest resources. It is worth noting that the natural forests were cut down after the 1960s, and the increase in human activities that interfered with forestry had a serious impact on China's ecological environment. While increasing the number of artificial forests, it has reduced large-scale natural mature forests and water conservation forests. Therefore, there has been a rapid decline in the overall function of the forest, resulting in more and more serious natural disasters and environmental pressures.
The development of forestry has a major impact on the sustainable development of China's economy. Forests have the function of conserving water sources and preventing soil erosion. Forest vegetation is called a "green reservoir," and a 10,000-acre forest is equivalent to a reservoir with a storage capacity of 1 million cubic meters. Forests can effectively reduce precipitation, store water and protect soil, prevent soil erosion, prevent sedimentation of rivers and lakes, and purify water sources. One hectare of broad-leaved forest can evaporate 2,500 tons of water in summer. When the root space in the forest soil reaches 1 meter deep, 500-2,000 cubic meters of water can be stored per hectare of forest. The forest has a large canopy. The thick layers of litter in the forest can play a role in intercepting water, preventing soil erosion and purifying the water source. Forests can effectively curb the desertification of the land, enhance the self-fertilization capacity of the land, and effectively prevent wind erosion, thereby protecting the water and land resources necessary for human survival.
Forests can improve the agricultural ecological environment and maintain atmospheric balance. According to agricultural experts, farmland shelterbelts can increase farmland's effective water supply and increase crop yields and incomes. Forests can also ease the "greenhouse effect" of the earth. Each cubic meter of forest growth can absorb and fix 350 kg of carbon dioxide. Plants separate and fix carbon dioxide under light and effect, releasing oxygen. As the forest releases oxygen, it also releases more negative oxygen ions, which has a very good effect on human health. In addition, the forest can effectively absorb industrial waste gas, remove the exhaust gases from vehicles, remove smog, smoke and dust from the atmosphere, and retain 70 to 80% of particulates and dust within the gas, one hectare of pine forest annually. Dust trapped in the canopy reached 35 tons, and the canopy of the poplar forest retained 44-53 tons. According to estimates, the annual absorption of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide per hectare of forest is 748 tons, 0.38 tons and 2.2 tons, respectively. In addition, forests can absorb sound waves and reduce noise waves, benefit people's hearing and psychology, and collect more than 25% of radioactive materials from the air, giving tremendous influence to the production process of various volatile substances, thus improving air quality. The quality of the situation creates favorable conditions for human health.
China's forestry development in the past 30 years Traditional Chinese forest management practices have been practiced for a long time, and most of the logging is natural distributed forests. After the reforestation, the forest is gradually artificial. The result is:
1) The recoverable resources in natural forests are already on the verge of depletion, and the forestry enterprises are in economic distress.
2) The current status of plantation forests is worrying because planted forests are often monocultured and highly purified, resulting in aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests. As a result, they are forced to remove artificial shelterbelts in large areas, and their soil strength is seriously degraded, resulting in a serious decline in ecological environment and biodiversity. This has led to a sharp contrast between the plantation forest and the original forest vegetation, which has exacerbated the ecological environment.
3) Energetically develop forestry. First of all, we must go beyond the misunderstanding of the forest issue to avoid the conflict between traditional forestry production and natural protection. We must follow a path of rational forestry development. Its greatest feature is to maintain forest land, emphasize the improvement of forest distribution and diversity of landscape architecture. Sexuality, insisting that the forest after harvesting is still composed of forests of various diameters, capable of producing a variety of forest products and sustaining the ecological benefits of natural forests. Packaging and forestry require high-tech to develop forests that are close to nature, reconstruct artificial forests, and restore natural forests so that the cultivated forests are closer to the ecological types of the original forest communities, protect the land, and rectify the ecological environment. Another tree plantation is timber forest and economic forest. These should be selected according to specific conditions. At the same time, reasonable arrangements should be made under the guidance of forestry professionals to break the regional boundaries and change the situation based on the forestry bureaus, but based on natural conditions. Afforestation. At the same time, the use of hi-tech technology combined with the characteristics of China's current honeycomb paper packaging, the introduction of honeycomb paper packaging materials into afforestation, a good moisture-resistant paper instead of agriculture, forestry, plastic bags and plastic trays, the use of paper on the characteristics of land pollution-free And blocking the roots of the cross packing, changing the plastic bags and plastic trays in the root development process of the airtight and pollution roots make the roots yellow and other shortcomings, large-scale promotion of packaging paper in the application of agricultural forestry, but also the packaging industry A new market, a new attempt, has been widely promoted in Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, and other provinces, with very good results. As far as packaging paper is concerned, its use is also very alarming. Take Hebei Province's plan this year as an example, 1.6 billion seedlings will be used for a large amount of production paper.
At present, China's forestry should study large-scale regional distribution of tree species and tree species selection and application of new technologies and New Products. At present, there are relatively mature foreign experiences and we should learn from them. For example, factory-based honeycomb paper seedlings, including soil fertilizer cooperation, sterilization, mixing, filtration and other preparations.
The coordination of soil and fertilizer should be properly matched with different soil and fertilizer types under the guidance of experts. After thorough mixing, it should be evenly distributed. Then, the large particles should be crushed, and then the appropriate amount of fungicide should be added according to local conditions, and the mixture should be stirred evenly and then automatically. Sifting is fine, and the soil fertilizer blocks with too large particles are removed, and the treated soil fertilizers are sown and used after sowing.
If the soil is concentrated, shovels and bulldozers must be equipped, which we ourselves can produce. We can make such products as mixers, pulverizers, screening machines, etc., and they can be manufactured by ourselves and suitable for our national conditions. This is the preparation of industrial honeycomb paper nursery.
The second step is to enter the sowing stage. First, the prepared soil fertilizer is delivered to the designated container for seedling raising. For the complete production process of this part, please refer to the following process flow chart (complete soil filling and sowing production line).
Cultivated soil feeder box → Conveyor → Nutrition feeder → Filler → Video player → Seeder → Seed cover device → Irrigation canal culture Soil feeder box: The main function is to store soil fertilizer, pesticide and appropriate amount of water in the culture soil. . It is filled mechanically or manually, depending on the scale of production. The conveyor “is to transfer the culture soil in the feeding box to the filling machine. Nutritional feeding box: Pull the prepared tube into the tray and put it on the tray (the tray is made of plastic) Ready to use, you can also use plastic molded feeders that are ready to use.
Filler: The output nutrient soil of the machine can be automatically controlled, ensuring that the nutrients are filled well and that a certain amount of time is completed within a certain period of time. The nutrient soil can not be filled outside the nutrient bowl and the automatic control is completely realized.
On-demand device: first in the nutritious soil fill in the conical hole, the conical hole must hit the middle of the nutrition bowl, not allowed to hit the edge of the bowl, require accurate positioning, the machine is completed using automatic control of.
Planter: Cone holes are drilled in the nutrient bowl by the on-demand player. Then the seed is sowed in the conical hole by the seeder to ensure that the seed is accurately planted in the middle of each unit of the bowl. No excessive deviation is allowed. This is also done by an automatic control system.
Seed-covering device: The seeds are sown into the conical holes in the position of the nutrition bowl. The covering device covers a suitable amount of protective material on the seeds. The thickness of the lid can be controlled, which is determined according to the specific conditions, and at the same time, the cover is covered. After the material, the machine will automatically carry out an enclosed, compaction to ensure that the cover material on the seeds is tightly covered to ensure that the seeds germinate.
Irrigation channels: Irrigation begins after the seeds have been covered. The amount of water can be controlled automatically. The amount of irrigation water should be determined according to the amount of water in the nutritious soil.
The third step is to enter the greenhouse cultivation phase. The second step has been seeded and watered the nutritious trays and put them down from the sowing line on the plate, placed on the transporter, and transported to multiple production sites in the greenhouse. The stacking of trays should be arranged according to the designed area. The temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse are automatically controlled. In addition, the irrigation of the crops is also controlled automatically. It is also necessary to carry out irrigation according to different varieties to ensure the necessary for seedlings. Moisture. In the normal growing greenhouse, few laborers are needed. All of them are automatically controlled and operated by humans. The greenhouse gas cost can be reduced accordingly. Of course, this must be based on its own economic strength to select the control plan, and the control can also be centralized. And decentralized both methods can also be used for instrument control or computer control, which are entirely determined by their economic strength. The hardware equipment for raising seedlings and the production of binocular honeycomb paper-making machines are characterized by: the production of disposable, detachable, cellular double-bred nursery cylinders, so that each individual paper cylinder contains soil and seedlings for transplanting, and this type of honeycomb paper tube is used. In order to raise seedlings, first, we can achieve high yields. Second, we can make full use of the land for planting in the second or third quarter to increase the yield per unit area. The use of honeycomb paper tube nursery, and then transplanted to the ground to grow, which has long been used abroad, in the country has also been proved to be able to increase per unit area of ​​crop yield and full use of land an effective method. The use of honeycomb paper tube nursery has a special advantage. It is more suitable for planting seedlings in arid and semi-arid areas, especially for the use of relatively thick paper to make honeycomb paper tube. It is more advantageous to plant seedlings in dry areas. The growth of the seedlings is because it ensures that the original moisture of the planted seedlings does not evaporate but remains in the paper tube for the growth of the seedlings. At the same time, in order to match the growth of honeycomb paper tube nursery, a transplanter adapted to it was also developed. The transplanter is driven by a tractor of 12-16 horsepower. It can transplant 3,600-5,000 strains of this kind of paper tube nursery per hour, which is a mechanized transplanting. This is a transplanting machine used on plains and hilly lands. If we use this kind of paper tube planting seedlings, we can also produce artificial transplanting machines matching it. It can be applied to the plains and hills and it can also be used for transplanting in mountain areas. It is flexible and easy to use and very light. After the paper tube rots, it can be used as fertilizer without contaminating the land. This is extremely beneficial to most of the places in our country where trees are needed because 70% of the places where we are now planting trees are arid and semi-arid regions. The development of forestry is a product that no longer fits in, and our production of paper tubes is completely mechanized. Supplying afforestation is also very cost-effective, because mechanized production costs are low, which is conducive to the promotion, especially the northern shelter forest and the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Sheltered forests are suitable for transplanting with paper tubes to ensure that the seedlings do not die.
At present, China has also developed a new organic fertilizer, TBS ecological fertilizer. This TBS ecological fertilizer is based on the fact that single bacterial strains are susceptible to bacterial contamination in the soil and have a short fertilizer effect. With the advantages of a complex flora, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements in the auxiliary materials are used to release nutrients to the soil. This element contains a large amount of "B1.6 xylan and 1.3 glucan." This sugar has two functions: 1. It can mobilize plant disease resistance genes; 2. It mobilizes plants to rapidly grow genes, makes the plant root system very developed, can meet the nutritional needs of the whole growing period of the crop, and can also improve the soil and improve soil strength. Overcome the drawbacks caused by single fertilizer application.
The experiment proved that the fungus fertilizer can be widely used in farmland and has good effects on various crops. The raw materials for the production of bacterial fertilizers are straws of various plants, such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, stems and stalks of various plants, and are widely sourced, environmentally friendly, low in cost, low in investment, and high in output. The fertilizer improves soil, improves plant quality, increases the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases, promotes the benign circulation of ecosystems, and has significant economic, social and ecological benefits. Because the fertilizer itself contains a lot of water and it is not easy to evaporate, if the seedlings are planted in arid and semi-arid areas with a honeycomb paper tube and this kind of fertilizer, the survival rate of the seedlings will be greatly increased, and thus the forestry industry in China
The development of forestry has a major impact on the sustainable development of China's economy. Forests have the function of conserving water sources and preventing soil erosion. Forest vegetation is called a "green reservoir," and a 10,000-acre forest is equivalent to a reservoir with a storage capacity of 1 million cubic meters. Forests can effectively reduce precipitation, store water and protect soil, prevent soil erosion, prevent sedimentation of rivers and lakes, and purify water sources. One hectare of broad-leaved forest can evaporate 2,500 tons of water in summer. When the root space in the forest soil reaches 1 meter deep, 500-2,000 cubic meters of water can be stored per hectare of forest. The forest has a large canopy. The thick layers of litter in the forest can play a role in intercepting water, preventing soil erosion and purifying the water source. Forests can effectively curb the desertification of the land, enhance the self-fertilization capacity of the land, and effectively prevent wind erosion, thereby protecting the water and land resources necessary for human survival.
Forests can improve the agricultural ecological environment and maintain atmospheric balance. According to agricultural experts, farmland shelterbelts can increase farmland's effective water supply and increase crop yields and incomes. Forests can also ease the "greenhouse effect" of the earth. Each cubic meter of forest growth can absorb and fix 350 kg of carbon dioxide. Plants separate and fix carbon dioxide under light and effect, releasing oxygen. As the forest releases oxygen, it also releases more negative oxygen ions, which has a very good effect on human health. In addition, the forest can effectively absorb industrial waste gas, remove the exhaust gases from vehicles, remove smog, smoke and dust from the atmosphere, and retain 70 to 80% of particulates and dust within the gas, one hectare of pine forest annually. Dust trapped in the canopy reached 35 tons, and the canopy of the poplar forest retained 44-53 tons. According to estimates, the annual absorption of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide per hectare of forest is 748 tons, 0.38 tons and 2.2 tons, respectively. In addition, forests can absorb sound waves and reduce noise waves, benefit people's hearing and psychology, and collect more than 25% of radioactive materials from the air, giving tremendous influence to the production process of various volatile substances, thus improving air quality. The quality of the situation creates favorable conditions for human health.
China's forestry development in the past 30 years Traditional Chinese forest management practices have been practiced for a long time, and most of the logging is natural distributed forests. After the reforestation, the forest is gradually artificial. The result is:
1) The recoverable resources in natural forests are already on the verge of depletion, and the forestry enterprises are in economic distress.
2) The current status of plantation forests is worrying because planted forests are often monocultured and highly purified, resulting in aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests. As a result, they are forced to remove artificial shelterbelts in large areas, and their soil strength is seriously degraded, resulting in a serious decline in ecological environment and biodiversity. This has led to a sharp contrast between the plantation forest and the original forest vegetation, which has exacerbated the ecological environment.
3) Energetically develop forestry. First of all, we must go beyond the misunderstanding of the forest issue to avoid the conflict between traditional forestry production and natural protection. We must follow a path of rational forestry development. Its greatest feature is to maintain forest land, emphasize the improvement of forest distribution and diversity of landscape architecture. Sexuality, insisting that the forest after harvesting is still composed of forests of various diameters, capable of producing a variety of forest products and sustaining the ecological benefits of natural forests. Packaging and forestry require high-tech to develop forests that are close to nature, reconstruct artificial forests, and restore natural forests so that the cultivated forests are closer to the ecological types of the original forest communities, protect the land, and rectify the ecological environment. Another tree plantation is timber forest and economic forest. These should be selected according to specific conditions. At the same time, reasonable arrangements should be made under the guidance of forestry professionals to break the regional boundaries and change the situation based on the forestry bureaus, but based on natural conditions. Afforestation. At the same time, the use of hi-tech technology combined with the characteristics of China's current honeycomb paper packaging, the introduction of honeycomb paper packaging materials into afforestation, a good moisture-resistant paper instead of agriculture, forestry, plastic bags and plastic trays, the use of paper on the characteristics of land pollution-free And blocking the roots of the cross packing, changing the plastic bags and plastic trays in the root development process of the airtight and pollution roots make the roots yellow and other shortcomings, large-scale promotion of packaging paper in the application of agricultural forestry, but also the packaging industry A new market, a new attempt, has been widely promoted in Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, and other provinces, with very good results. As far as packaging paper is concerned, its use is also very alarming. Take Hebei Province's plan this year as an example, 1.6 billion seedlings will be used for a large amount of production paper.
At present, China's forestry should study large-scale regional distribution of tree species and tree species selection and application of new technologies and New Products. At present, there are relatively mature foreign experiences and we should learn from them. For example, factory-based honeycomb paper seedlings, including soil fertilizer cooperation, sterilization, mixing, filtration and other preparations.
The coordination of soil and fertilizer should be properly matched with different soil and fertilizer types under the guidance of experts. After thorough mixing, it should be evenly distributed. Then, the large particles should be crushed, and then the appropriate amount of fungicide should be added according to local conditions, and the mixture should be stirred evenly and then automatically. Sifting is fine, and the soil fertilizer blocks with too large particles are removed, and the treated soil fertilizers are sown and used after sowing.
If the soil is concentrated, shovels and bulldozers must be equipped, which we ourselves can produce. We can make such products as mixers, pulverizers, screening machines, etc., and they can be manufactured by ourselves and suitable for our national conditions. This is the preparation of industrial honeycomb paper nursery.
The second step is to enter the sowing stage. First, the prepared soil fertilizer is delivered to the designated container for seedling raising. For the complete production process of this part, please refer to the following process flow chart (complete soil filling and sowing production line).
Cultivated soil feeder box → Conveyor → Nutrition feeder → Filler → Video player → Seeder → Seed cover device → Irrigation canal culture Soil feeder box: The main function is to store soil fertilizer, pesticide and appropriate amount of water in the culture soil. . It is filled mechanically or manually, depending on the scale of production. The conveyor “is to transfer the culture soil in the feeding box to the filling machine. Nutritional feeding box: Pull the prepared tube into the tray and put it on the tray (the tray is made of plastic) Ready to use, you can also use plastic molded feeders that are ready to use.
Filler: The output nutrient soil of the machine can be automatically controlled, ensuring that the nutrients are filled well and that a certain amount of time is completed within a certain period of time. The nutrient soil can not be filled outside the nutrient bowl and the automatic control is completely realized.
On-demand device: first in the nutritious soil fill in the conical hole, the conical hole must hit the middle of the nutrition bowl, not allowed to hit the edge of the bowl, require accurate positioning, the machine is completed using automatic control of.
Planter: Cone holes are drilled in the nutrient bowl by the on-demand player. Then the seed is sowed in the conical hole by the seeder to ensure that the seed is accurately planted in the middle of each unit of the bowl. No excessive deviation is allowed. This is also done by an automatic control system.
Seed-covering device: The seeds are sown into the conical holes in the position of the nutrition bowl. The covering device covers a suitable amount of protective material on the seeds. The thickness of the lid can be controlled, which is determined according to the specific conditions, and at the same time, the cover is covered. After the material, the machine will automatically carry out an enclosed, compaction to ensure that the cover material on the seeds is tightly covered to ensure that the seeds germinate.
Irrigation channels: Irrigation begins after the seeds have been covered. The amount of water can be controlled automatically. The amount of irrigation water should be determined according to the amount of water in the nutritious soil.
The third step is to enter the greenhouse cultivation phase. The second step has been seeded and watered the nutritious trays and put them down from the sowing line on the plate, placed on the transporter, and transported to multiple production sites in the greenhouse. The stacking of trays should be arranged according to the designed area. The temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse are automatically controlled. In addition, the irrigation of the crops is also controlled automatically. It is also necessary to carry out irrigation according to different varieties to ensure the necessary for seedlings. Moisture. In the normal growing greenhouse, few laborers are needed. All of them are automatically controlled and operated by humans. The greenhouse gas cost can be reduced accordingly. Of course, this must be based on its own economic strength to select the control plan, and the control can also be centralized. And decentralized both methods can also be used for instrument control or computer control, which are entirely determined by their economic strength. The hardware equipment for raising seedlings and the production of binocular honeycomb paper-making machines are characterized by: the production of disposable, detachable, cellular double-bred nursery cylinders, so that each individual paper cylinder contains soil and seedlings for transplanting, and this type of honeycomb paper tube is used. In order to raise seedlings, first, we can achieve high yields. Second, we can make full use of the land for planting in the second or third quarter to increase the yield per unit area. The use of honeycomb paper tube nursery, and then transplanted to the ground to grow, which has long been used abroad, in the country has also been proved to be able to increase per unit area of ​​crop yield and full use of land an effective method. The use of honeycomb paper tube nursery has a special advantage. It is more suitable for planting seedlings in arid and semi-arid areas, especially for the use of relatively thick paper to make honeycomb paper tube. It is more advantageous to plant seedlings in dry areas. The growth of the seedlings is because it ensures that the original moisture of the planted seedlings does not evaporate but remains in the paper tube for the growth of the seedlings. At the same time, in order to match the growth of honeycomb paper tube nursery, a transplanter adapted to it was also developed. The transplanter is driven by a tractor of 12-16 horsepower. It can transplant 3,600-5,000 strains of this kind of paper tube nursery per hour, which is a mechanized transplanting. This is a transplanting machine used on plains and hilly lands. If we use this kind of paper tube planting seedlings, we can also produce artificial transplanting machines matching it. It can be applied to the plains and hills and it can also be used for transplanting in mountain areas. It is flexible and easy to use and very light. After the paper tube rots, it can be used as fertilizer without contaminating the land. This is extremely beneficial to most of the places in our country where trees are needed because 70% of the places where we are now planting trees are arid and semi-arid regions. The development of forestry is a product that no longer fits in, and our production of paper tubes is completely mechanized. Supplying afforestation is also very cost-effective, because mechanized production costs are low, which is conducive to the promotion, especially the northern shelter forest and the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Sheltered forests are suitable for transplanting with paper tubes to ensure that the seedlings do not die.
At present, China has also developed a new organic fertilizer, TBS ecological fertilizer. This TBS ecological fertilizer is based on the fact that single bacterial strains are susceptible to bacterial contamination in the soil and have a short fertilizer effect. With the advantages of a complex flora, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements in the auxiliary materials are used to release nutrients to the soil. This element contains a large amount of "B1.6 xylan and 1.3 glucan." This sugar has two functions: 1. It can mobilize plant disease resistance genes; 2. It mobilizes plants to rapidly grow genes, makes the plant root system very developed, can meet the nutritional needs of the whole growing period of the crop, and can also improve the soil and improve soil strength. Overcome the drawbacks caused by single fertilizer application.
The experiment proved that the fungus fertilizer can be widely used in farmland and has good effects on various crops. The raw materials for the production of bacterial fertilizers are straws of various plants, such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, stems and stalks of various plants, and are widely sourced, environmentally friendly, low in cost, low in investment, and high in output. The fertilizer improves soil, improves plant quality, increases the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases, promotes the benign circulation of ecosystems, and has significant economic, social and ecological benefits. Because the fertilizer itself contains a lot of water and it is not easy to evaporate, if the seedlings are planted in arid and semi-arid areas with a honeycomb paper tube and this kind of fertilizer, the survival rate of the seedlings will be greatly increased, and thus the forestry industry in China
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