Commonly used nouns in printing

Blank and white margins

The unprinted portion between the printed text and illustration portion of each page and the edge of the paper is called a white border. The ratio of the white border of the traditional Western-style books is: the top edge of the white edge 2; the outer edge of the white edge 3; the bottom edge of the white edge 4; the inner edge of the white edge 1 1/2. These four white sides are respectively called the head of the sky, the fore-edge, the lower edge of the mouth, and the back edge of the binding edge. The white borders between the spreads are called gutters or back margins. Tiankou is the former literary writer in China. It is written on the edge of Tiankou.

Book back

The back of the hardcover book, the part that connects the cover with the back cover. Also known as the spine or selfback.

Basis weight (basis weight or basic weight)

The weight of a specified size of paper (500 sheets) and the weight in British pounds is called the basis weight. There are several types of paper in foreign countries, such as book papers or text papers, cover stocks, bonds, writing papers, or writing papers. Cardboard (bristol) and so on. Each category has a basic size used as a standard to represent weight. The basis weight is described in the basic size, no matter how large the paper will be cut. The size of all domestic book paper is 31x43 in, while in the United States it is 25x38 in. Therefore, a book paper with a specification of 60 pounds basis weight is 500 pounds and a paper with a size of 31 x 43 inches in weight weighs 60 pounds. It is equivalent to 42.7 lbs of 25x38 U.S. specifications. 500 sheets were cut into 31 x 43 in. in size. The weight was 80 pounds, which is called 80 pound basis weight. This is 57 pounds equivalent to 25x38 U.S. specifications. However, the ruler in the United States is 25x38/70 pounds: a conversion of approximately 98.2 pounds, or 100 pounds, of China's 31x43. But the United States commonly used ruler in is 25x38/60 pounds: conversion is about 84.2 pounds of China's 31x43 should be 85 pounds of paper, this type of domestic does not have, can only take close to 80 pounds of paper. In recent years, under the influence of printed products of 25 x 38 ft in the United States, many domestic printed materials have been printed on the basis of Japanese-style "jujue" paper size, which is commonly known as the domestic "Chrysanthemum" size paper 23x35. The paper with a 31x43 inch in weight and 80 pounds basis weight is 52.5 pounds in chrysanthemum.

Silk flow (grain)

It refers to the distribution direction of most of the paper fibers on the paper. Because all the machined paper is manufactured, when the pulp is formed on the moving papermaking wire, its fibers will have an approximate orientation because of the direction of flow of the pulp. If the paper is arranged in a line parallel to the spine (back) of the book, the book is easily bent and soft when opened. If the wire flow direction is different from the direction of the spine, the printed cover will roll up. (See Antifilament)

Long grain
The arrangement direction of the filaments is parallel to the long side of the paper.

Cross flow or short grain
The arrangement direction of the filaments is parallel to the short side of the paper.

The direction of the grain (grain direction)
Fibers in machine-made paper tend to line up in the same direction, which is called the grain direction. Color printing must use paper with uniform yarn flow direction. Some paper mills will create papers of long and short mixed filaments. If this type of paper is used, after the books have been trimmed, there will be a situation where the edges of the book are missing. Due to the shrinkage of the paper of the long and short mixed filaments, the size of each sheet may be in and out, so that the edges of the book may not be uniform, and cross-registration may not be overprinted during printing. If it is used to print high-quality items, such as street maps or world maps, the consequences will be unthinkable. In Figure 3, please see "Flow of Silk."

Anti-silage (against the grain)
They are referred to as the orientation of the main fibers in the machined paper or in the arrangement direction of the fibers. When origami crosses the stream of paper (or is opposite to the stream), the sheet will tend to weaken and the folded pages will not be as close as the pages folded in the direction of the stream. In the same way, when the flow of filaments goes across the inner pages of the book and enters the spine, it is not easy to open the pages because the pages have to be bent back in the direction of the elastic tension of the fibers. Anti-silk we call it grain wound; like silk, it is called grain right. Figure 4

Collating mark

A book is marked with a short line or a dot mark on the back of each folded page to serve as a check on the correctness of the page. Before stapling the stitches, the mark of the first post is near the top, the sign of the second post is slightly lower than that of the first post, and the sign of the third post is slightly lower than that of the second post. And so on. When all the pages are collected for binding, the markings will be arranged as a diagonal line. If the binding pages are duplicated, wrongly sequenced, or missing, the diagonal line will be broken. The ancient marking system used numbers, letters, or other symbols on the first page. This practice is still prevalent in the United Kingdom and some parts of the United States.

Computer typesetting

Use computers to input texts and store them; then use typesetting software to arrange the texts according to the layout requirements. The typesetting software can even be automatically arranged with page numbers, book marks, and so on. Completion of the typesetting manuscript is then output by a laser printer, or each page is output by photographic paper, positive film, etc., and is supplied to the platemaking unit for photography and the large version for printing is printed for printing.

Books

There are many different definitions in foreign countries. In 1964, the definition adopted by UNESCO of the United Nations was: Unpublished literary and literary publications, which do not count the cover, have pages of 49 pages or more. The United States national standard ANSI Z-39.8 has a similar definition: An unscheduled paperback, hardback, or loose-leaf binding printed publication that does not count at least 49 pages.... The U.S. postal service’s requirements for books are as follows: Publications are 24 pages, of which pages are printed. If there are advertisements in the content, they can only be limited to the announcement of the publication of the books and meet the requirements of these conditions. The fourth grade postage billing (formally known as book postage book rate). The interpretation of the book by China's resignation is: The book of the book of general knowledge. The interpretation of the vocabulary on the book is as follows:

Book Sizes

Publishing and printing industry are often bothered by the definition of the size of books and are less consistent when used. When a general book is designed for size, it is related to the size of a large piece of paper: 31"x43" (78.74 cm x 109.22 cm). This piece of paper is folded twice into two pages (four pages). This is called facing away. When folded again, it is folded into four pages (eight pages). This is called four-fold. When folded again, it becomes eight. Page 16) This is called octaun; when folded again, it is folded into 16 pages (32 pages), which is called 16 opening; and so on. This is the history of the size of books, and is still used today. Most of the publishing industry in the United States is measuring the height of bound books rather than measuring the height of the books. Usually, the U.S. pavilions are in accordance with international conventions, and the printing and publishing industry still follows the old British system. After the establishment of the European Community in 1992, the United States will gradually switch to the metric system. In China, there are three kinds of mixed use, ie, “in” and “inch”, which cannot be unified. We hope that in the future we will use the centimeters in accordance with world standards. China's book size, for example, the author is more familiar with the "Han Kuang company" as an example: The "open" size of the 31"x43" paper is 10 3/8" x 14 3/4", which is the same size as the American Folio; The size is 7 3/8" x 10 1/4", which is similar to the 25 cm height of Octavo in the United States; the thirty-two opening size is 5 1/8" x 7 1/4", which is similar to the British Crown Octavo. The chrysanthemum version of the 25"x35" chrysanthemum has an open size of 8 1/4"x11 1/4", similar to the UK's Demy Quarto; the size of the chrysanthemum opening is 5 7/8"x 8 1/4". Demy with the UK
Octavo is similar. The size of a book is designed to be designed. If the width is greater than the height, the format is called "oblong"; and the size of the book is narrower than that of the normal format. This style is called "narrow". ".

Saddle stitches

Saddle stitches are used in saddle stitches. Saddle is a saddle meaning. When it is bound, it folds the folded pages as if it were a saddle for the horses. After that, the nails are set on the back of the horse. Therefore, when you open the book to see the middle part, you can find that the whole book is centered on the middle nail. The first page and the last page of the book are symmetrically connected. The middle two pages are also symmetrical and connected with the center. At the time of binding, the first page is placed at the front of the binding machine, and the first one is placed on the refining bar; the other posts are stacked on top of one another in that order, the cover finally falls on it, and then the nail is nailed;