1 RMB paper security
Paper is an important material and technical foundation for banknotes, and the printing technology and quality level must be reflected on a piece of banknote paper. Paper has always been a traditional anti-counterfeiting method for banknotes, and banknotes and papers are specially manufactured. Most of the raw materials for papermaking use cotton, hemp and other plants with long fibers as pulp. The paper produced in this way is smooth, tough, good stiffness, strong abrasion resistance, and the fibers that are circulating for a long time are not loose and not easy to hair or break. Banknote paper generally has a net pattern, or plastic coating or calendering is applied on the paper surface. In the paper-making process, the following advanced technologies have been specifically adopted to make the paper have anti-counterfeiting features, so as to be clearly distinguished from other papers.
1) Watermark
The RMB uses watermarked paper. The watermark is made by prefabricating molds in the production process to change the pulp fiber density. It has been shaped during the papermaking process, not post-imprinted or printed on the surface of banknotes. Therefore, the watermark pattern has a strong three-dimensional sense, layering, and the surface of the paper remains flat and smooth. Today, with the development of science and technology, watermarking is still recognized as an effective anti-counterfeiting technology by anti-counterfeiting experts from all over the world, and continues to be adopted and developed by various countries. Banknotes, important international documents, facility drawings and various tickets in most countries are printed on watermarked paper. China has been using watermarks since the fourth set of RMB. In the fifth set of RMB 100 yuan banknotes and 50 yuan banknotes, the front left blank space is greeted with light. You can see the portrait of Mao Zedong with the same three-dimensional portrait as the main scene Fixed watermark; in the 20, 10 and 5 yuan notes, you can see the fixed watermarks of lotus, rose and daffodil respectively; in the denomination of 10 yuan, a white watermark is also used, located under the two-color horizontal number, welcome the light Through perspective, you can see the watermark of the pattern "10" with strong light transmission.
2) Safety line
The safety thread is to embed two thin metal or plastic threads in the paper using special technology in the paper making process. In recent years, many countries have also added many anti-counterfeiting technologies to security lines, such as security lines printed with microtext, security lines with magnetic and holographic features, fluorescent security lines, window-open security lines, and so on. The security line belongs to the first-line anti-counterfeiting technology with good reliability, exclusivity, and easy identification. Its most prominent feature is that it can be used in combination with various anti-counterfeiting features, so that the anti-counterfeiting performance has been greatly improved. The security thread occupies a very important position in the current banknote security. There are two ways to embed the security thread in the banknote paper. One is to embed it completely in the middle of the paper; the other is to embed it in the paper at intervals, partially exposed on the surface of the paper. ". In the fifth set of RMB, both of these methods are fully utilized. 100 yuan and 50 yuan use a fully embedded magnetic microtext security line. The security line in the banknote is seen through the light, and the "RMB100" or "RMB50" can be seen. "Miniature text of the word, the instrument detects magnetism; 20 yuan is a magnetic security line between light and dark; 10 yuan uses a windowed holographic magnetic security line. When the viewing angle is changed, the color can be seen on the silver security line The changing "10".
3) Fiber
Color fiber and colorless fluorescent fiber are red, blue or other bright colors in the papermaking process, either uniformly added to the pulp in proportion or added to the paper. Similarly, the banknotes made by adding five-color fluorescent fibers to the pulp can only be seen under the purple light. In the fifth set of RMB, red and blue special fibers and colorless fluorescent fibers are added to the paper, making the paper anti-counterfeit a big step forward.
In addition, the new laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology developed on banknote paper to prevent modern copying technology from forging counterfeit banknotes has the ability to completely invalidate modern copying technology and is available for machine reading. At present, the renminbi has not yet adopted this technology in large quantities, but it has been adopted on the commemorative coin for the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. [next]
2 RMB ink anti-counterfeiting
Ink is the main medium for printing, and the ink color is used to reflect technology and quality. The ink color of banknotes in most countries is bright but not dense, the lines of the patterns are thin, the ink layer is thin, and it is really smooth. The affinity of ink and paper is good, and the ink tone Coordination is very coordinated. Anti-counterfeiting ink is a special printing ink made by adding special performance anti-counterfeiting materials to the ink connecting material and processed by a special process. Ink anti-counterfeiting has simple implementation, low cost, good concealment, bright colors, convenient inspection and strong reproducibility. It is the preferred anti-counterfeiting technology for banknotes, tickets and trademarks in various countries. Banknote printing inks are specially developed. China's RMB uses a variety of anti-counterfeiting inks in the printing process.
1) Optical variable ink
Light-variable ink is one of the most effective high-tech anti-counterfeiting inks today. The printed pattern has a metallic luster with ambilight. Under natural light, with the change of the human eye perspective, it will show two or three different colors, and the color difference changes significantly , Such as: red-green, green-blue, red-gold, etc. Patterns cannot be copied with high-definition scanners, color copiers or other equipment, and are highly anti-counterfeiting; and optically variable inks have the advantages of easy identification, good durability, simple use, wide application, non-toxic, no radiation, etc. World-recognized high-security security ink. The fifth set of RMB 100 and RMB 50 denomination numbers on the lower left side of the front are printed with light-variable ink. When viewed perpendicular to the ticket surface, "100" is green, "50" is gold, and when inclined at a certain angle, it becomes respectively Blue and green.
2) Fluorescent ink
Fluorescent ink is a special ink that can emit visible light (wavelength 400-800μm) under ultraviolet light (wavelength 200-400μm). According to the color of printing ink, it can be divided into two types: colored fluorescent ink and colorless fluorescent ink. The former is to add a compound with fluorescence to the colored ink, the latter is to add to the colorless ink, the graphics printed by the former are visible to the naked eye, the latter are not visible. Colored fluorescent inks and colorless fluorescent inks are used to print patterns on the fifth set of RMB. For example, the red stripes in the elliptical pattern above the main scene on the back of 100 yuan use colored fluorescent ink, which shows a bright orange-red under a specific wavelength of ultraviolet light; the middle of the back of 20 yuan shows a green fluorescent pattern under a specific wavelength of ultraviolet light ; 100 yuan, 20 yuan under the front line name offset printing shading, you can see the "100", "20" under a specific wavelength of ultraviolet light, the pattern is printed with colorless fluorescent ink for machine readable.
3) Magnetic ink
Magnetic anti-counterfeiting inks are anti-counterfeiting printing inks made with magnetic powder materials (iron oxide and cobalt doped with iron oxide, etc.) as a functional component. It is the most commonly used anti-counterfeiting ink. Its outstanding features are dark color appearance and simple detection equipment. It is mainly used to print magnetically encoded text and symbols of bank tickets. It has the effect of recording and storing information. It will print magnetically encoded tickets. Put into the magnetic code reader to identify the authenticity. The positive numbers on the fifth set of RMB are printed with magnetic ink. [next]
3 RMB printing anti-counterfeiting
With the development of high technology, in order to achieve high printing quality and anti-counterfeiting capabilities, RMB uses a variety of anti-counterfeiting printing technologies in the printing process. The mutual penetration of various anti-counterfeiting printing technologies ensures that anti-counterfeiting is foolproof. The printing anti-counterfeiting technologies applied by RMB in the printing process mainly include:
1) Engraved gravure printing
At present, the printing of RMB is mainly based on gravure printing (some of which are printed with letterpress and offset), which is mainly to ensure its seriousness and anti-counterfeiting. The gravure printing plate is engraved, and its pattern line is groove-shaped, which is lower than the printing plate surface. After printing the pattern by applying ink, the ink adheres to the banknote paper and protrudes from the surface of the paper, and the graphic lines are fine and layered Rich, strong three-dimensional sense, there is a noticeable unevenness when touched by hand. Engraved gravure printing technology is widely used in the fifth set of RMB Mao Zedong's head, People's Bank of China bank names, denomination numbers, Braille marks, etc. In particular, the Mao Zedong avatar in the RMB should be hand-carved intaglio. Due to its complex process, unique pattern and high investment cost, it has strong imitation and anti-counterfeiting performance.
2) Wiring technology
Wiring printing refers to the simultaneous line segmentation on a layout with different colors of ink printing at the same time? Multiple colors are printed at one time and the lines are completely connected, and the colors are not impregnated. Wiring printing technology was invented in China, and has been used as early as the third set of RMB. The fifth set of denomination numbers on the front and back of the RMB (except for 20 yuan) are printed using engraved gravure wiring technology. The two different ink lines are naturally and completely docked, which is more eye-catching and more conducive to the identification of various anti-counterfeiting measures.
3) Barcode anti-counterfeiting technology
The number of the RMB is embossed. The fifth set of RMB 100 and RMB 50 uses horizontal and vertical double numbers, the horizontal numbers are black, and the vertical numbers are blue and red; 20 yuan is a two-color horizontal number, and the left half of the number is red. The right half is black. It is particularly worth mentioning that the non-color-mixing and color-isolating number technology adopted at 10 yuan is a unique anti-counterfeiting technology in China. The left half of the same number is red, and the right half is black. Among the black horizontal numbers of 100 yuan and 50 yuan, the two-color horizontal numbers of 20 yuan and the color-isolated numbers of 10 yuan, the black numbers are magnetic and can be read by the machine.
4) Offset printing technology
Counter-printing is a one-time mirror image pattern printed on both sides of the paper, which completely overlaps when viewed through light. In the fifth set of renminbi, there are yin and yang complementary counter-printing patterns, 100 yuan, 50 yuan and 10 yuan on the front left bottom and the back right bottom with a circular partial pattern, light observation, front and back patterns form a complete ancient coin pattern This method is called Yin-Yang complementary pairing. Complementary counter-printing is completed in one printing on a special printing machine, and its precision of printing is difficult to be achieved by ordinary offset printing machines, and is a very effective anti-counterfeiting measure. [next]
5) Miniature text
Miniature text uses a special plate-making process to reduce the text to a level that is barely visible to the naked eye. It is printed on banknotes and can be observed with the help of a magnifying glass. Microtext can be printed in either offset or gravure printing, both of which are commonly used. Due to the limited resolution of current copiers and scanners, it is difficult to reproduce miniature characters. The fifth set of RMB issued bonds has micro-text with offset and gravure prints on the top and bottom of the back. The micro-text can effectively prevent copying and counterfeiting of ordinary offset printing to a certain extent.
6) Invisible denomination figures
Invisible pattern technology has the characteristics of easy identification, low cost and good anti-counterfeiting effect. Invisible pattern technology can only be realized by engraving gravure design, which can well prevent copying and offset printing forgery. The fifth set of RMB adopts this first-line anti-counterfeiting measure that has many advantages in one. There is an elliptical (circular, square) pattern on the upper right of the front of each issued coupon, placing the ticket face parallel to the eye The position of the camera is rotated by 45 ° or 90 ° facing the plane of the light source.
7) Rainbow printing
Rainbow printing is also called cross-color printing. It is the main color of the pattern or the background is composed of different colors, but the different colors on the lines or images are continuous and gradually transition. It is very natural and there is no obvious boundary, such as the natural transition of various colors of the rainbow . Rainbow printing is usually printed with a letterpress printing machine. It is based on the requirements of the printed product. After placing the separator in the ink tank, different colors of ink are placed in different separators. Under the serial action of the inking roller, the ink in the adjacent parts is mixed and then transferred to the printing plate. The shading on the fifth set of RMB is printed with rainbows, and its anti-counterfeiting effect is very prominent.
4 Summary
The RMB anti-counterfeiting printing technology is a comprehensive anti-counterfeiting technology that integrates pattern design, special paper, ink and printing technology, and it has cracked down on counterfeiting. However, the fight between anti-counterfeiting and counterfeiting is a high-tech contest, and even advanced anti-counterfeiting technology has a certain timeliness. Therefore, with the continuous development of anti-counterfeiting technology and materials, the anti-counterfeiting printing technology of RMB will be continuously improved, making it always in the leading position of anti-counterfeiting technology.
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