The Royal Special Forces Training Manual (Chapter 2)

Everyone is an independent individual

What kind of people do the special airline service need? How are they doing?

What kind of military background do they have, and how do they distinguish themselves from other ordinary people? Perhaps one of the best criteria is to look at the qualities of the soldiers who established this force. Study those founders. We have seen that when the force did not win social status and public recognition, the special airline regiments were completely defined by the people belonging to this force, rather than the legendary achievements that they later achieved.

Of course, there are more people than David Sterling, the founder of the special air force, who deserves to be remembered. Although Stirling was the official founder of the British Special Air Force, the idea of ​​establishing a small, well-trained assault force was brought up by Lieutenant Colonel Dudley Clarke as early as World War II. He had persuaded Winston Churchill and his military adviser to set up a force called the Special Combat Battalion. Actually they were an assault force with multiple fighting and military expertise. One of them, the second commando team, conducted skydiving training so that it was called the 11th Special Air Force Camp in sequence. The first time it took part in the fighting was the Italian capture of the aqueduct on the Tagino River in February 1941. Following the successful German air force invasion of Crete in May 1941, the air force was incorporated into a newly formed airborne brigade.

But it is Stirling’s personal inspiration and perseverance that really contributes to the development of what we now know about the British Air Corps. Stirling was originally an officer in the Scottish Guard. He joined Dodley Clarke's commando team in June 1940, and later became a member of the North African "Commando" assault force. Stirling suffered a back injury during the skydiving training. The recovery period of the next two months gave him time to consider the establishment of a new type of military force.

Early test

Stirling has always been a broad and restless person who had learned from painting to mountain climbing in his youth. His lack of specificity hides beneath the surface a new mind is constantly emerging. The war seemed to have a bad influence on his body, but the ideas he had formed on the hospital bed had created one of the most elite combat troops in the world. He envisaged an assault force composed of many well-trained, highly mobile, well-equipped sub-units. Initially allied forces’ assaults were usually carried out by troops of up to 200 people, which inevitably led to sluggish logistics. Before Sterling considered cutting down the "commando", its number reached 1,600. Stirling later explained that if it were not to make a greater impact on the battlefield, only one-twentieth of the number of "commandos" would suffice. Stirling believes that many small units can only be slightly more than a single person. Rapid deployment and attacking enemy’s priority targets through airborne can quickly inflict heavy losses on the enemy and allow them to evacuate before a massive, massive and fierce conflict. The action that Sterling considered was not to take positions from the enemy's hands, but to give the enemy powerful hits before the enemy really found out.

To achieve his vision, the most difficult obstacle he encountered was the command system of the British armed forces. At the time, the North African commander was General Claude Aukinlake. He was not a person who was good at listening to others. When Stirling tried to think of his personal ideas to explain to General Auchinleke, who was at the command headquarters of the Middle East, he encountered an official obstacle. He was impatient and decided to bypass the security department and go directly to Olympic Lake. General's office. He was stopped on the road by Major General Neil Ritchie, who was the first to listen to Stirling's vision. Rich thinks this idea is very valuable and proposed this idea to General Auchinleke. These ideas convinced senior British military officials and gave Stirling 60 people while promoting him as a captain. In July 1941, the Air Force Task Force was established.

Before the special airline regiment became an elite force today, it was more experimental and special at the beginning of its creation. For the entire British force, the newly formed squad has little or no preparation and logistics, and there is no precedent for Stirling and his troops to follow or imitate. Self-exploration is the key, but Sterling understands that everyone must become a basic combat skills expert to survive in future battles. In this way each of them must undergo high-intensity training, far exceeding the standard of the average British soldier. Each official soldier must learn the skills of using an Enfield rifle, a Bryn light machine gun, and a Stern light machine gun, and whether or not they will use the weapons used by the Axis forces, especially the air force’s Members must all learn to use them (this is still followed by the training of special diligence groups). Different from the general public tactics, special service troops learn how to surprise, ambush, cruel and covert. They also learn how to survive in the desert, and of course, this very important skill in identifying the ability to locate must also be studied. Of course, at the end of training, it is definitely a truly unique force to create, whether it is the external image or its talent, training breadth and endurance.

Despite Stirling’s apparent efficiency, its first operation was a disastrous disaster. As a result of the original assumptions of the special diligent troops, Stirling insisted on deploying through airborne. This became the biggest problem this young army encountered in the first deployment. One of the main targets of the special air force is the airport of the Axis Powers. The flat, open terrain of North Africa makes logistical refueling operations vulnerable to ground attacks as the most serious problem facing both sides. If the Axis airport is continuously attacked by a line of airborne troops, the Allied forces can gradually grasp the air superiority in the area.

On November 6, 1941, the British Special Air Force began its first mission. The target is the airports of the Axis countries around Gazala and Tmimi. The special air force plan to airborne a 12-man detachment 32 kilometers from each airport. They then went to the airport to attack the target, destroying the aircraft on the ground with explosives, and then evacuated by a remote desert vehicle after completing the mission.

On the day of the attack, the weather was probably the worst. Very bad weather made the transport aircraft and airborne troops dispersed (the pilot had almost no airdrop experience and knew nothing about the weather). Ground command navigation also lost its role. The combat operations were immediately canceled, and then the crews of the special air force troops began a rigorous evacuation operation. Only 22 of the 66 people sent last were withdrawn.

However, Stirling’s response to this disaster has become a model for the spirit of the special air force (actually highly praised by a senior military officer in the UK, who opposed the disbanding of this new soldier). Undoubtedly, he immediately corrected his deployment and attack strategy. Those who want to join this force must understand that the soldiers of special air force units are tough but they are not Superman. However, there is one point. They all have the superior ability to solve problems. This is exactly the difference between them and general soldiers. Sterling himself did not suffer from this, on the contrary, he abandoned the airborne deployment with uncertainty and adopted the remote insertion of remote desert troops.

Special air force uses a very bold battle

Slightly, driving through the enemy's runway, using machine guns to fire and use

Grenade bombing aircraft parked at the airport

This strategy made it successful. During the period from December 8 to December 26, 1941, special air forces attacked eight Axis airports and destroyed 90% of the enemy’s aircraft. Most aircraft are hand-to-hand with the players. Special air force personnel rush directly into the airport center and install Lewis bombs directly on the aircraft. The Lewis Bomb is a special blasting device that can blow up or ignite the interior of a wing. tank. Sometimes this kind of action will be carried out under the cover of a fierce exchange of fire. The crew of the special air force will create powerful but controlled firepower. Sometimes their actions are very secretive, and they will not be discovered until the plane and chariot are blown into pieces. In 1942 their actions took a new approach. Stirling transformed the American-made Wielius jeep into a tank containing Vickers and Browning machine guns and a number of petrol tanks. They launched a bold move to brazenly drive into the enemy airport runway to shoot and bomb the plane parked at the airport. (This strategy was due to an accident that occurred during the attack on the airport of Bagoush on July 7, 1942. It was thought that in the attack, many Lewis bombs did not explode, so Sterling only It was decided to drive directly into the enemy airport.) The result of the attack was the most persuasive, with only a month in July exploding 113 Axis countries.

At this time, the British special air force has begun to make a name for itself. German and Italian airport personnel lived in fear all day and feared being attacked. Due to the number of this force, the British special air force forces exerted an extraordinary influence on the Axis war machine in North Africa. Stirling was promoted to Major in 1942. His special air force career ended in 1943. The German forces have heightened their vigilance with the destructive activities of the British special air force and established special detachments to deal with them. In January 1943, a German team managed to catch Stirling. Throughout the entire process, Stirling showed all his abilities. He escaped German prisoners three times before he was finally locked behind the Kurtzitz Castle.

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