Smart Card Technology Analysis: Purchase of Access Control Smart Cards

Smart cards quickly captured the global market, dating back to the days when smart cards were invented and patented in the 1970s. “Smart cards have been in one form or another for more than 25 years, initially providing a portable database for each cardholder...

Smart card technology analysis

Smart Cards are also often translated into "smart cards" and "smart cards", and there is another type of called IC card (Integrated Circuit Card). Generally speaking, an integrated circuit chip is embedded in a card, and an integrated circuit storage unit in the chip can be utilized for data storage and some corresponding data processing work.

The core part is the smart card chip, and the chip is first packaged into a separate module, which is then embedded in the plastic card base. For the non-contact card, the designed antenna is embedded on the card base.

If we put the smart card alone in our hands, we have no way to operate it. A stand-alone smart card is meaningless for any application. In order to manipulate the smart card and access the data, we must use a machine that can operate the smart card, usually called a card reader, or a reader, or a terminal, or a card acceptance device CAD (card). Acceptable device). We are familiar with the POS (point of sales) machine, bank ATM (auto-teller machine), mobile phone, IC card meter, IC card water meter, IC card gas meter, bus or subway card checker, etc. It can be called a terminal device. Only through these terminal devices can we really make the role of smart cards work.

So fundamentally, the smart card chip must include at least the following three parts:

Data storage unit

This is where the smart card stores data. According to the security considerations of some companies, various security measures are adopted when designing the data storage unit. The address scrambling technology is commonly used, so that even if the chip is used by others in the future. Open, and can not correctly obtain the data information stored therein. At present, the technologies used for data storage mainly include two main technologies, EEPROM and Flash. The main difference between them is that the data is erased in different ways. The EEPROM can be erased in bytes, that is, the number of data written is erased and then rewritten. Flash is erased according to the page. The size of each page is generally 64 bytes or 256 bytes. There are also other emerging storage technologies such as ferroelectric storage, but they are rarely used in practical applications.

Logic control unit

This part is mainly to control the access of the data storage unit, that is, the problem of reading and writing. License or reject data access requests from outside through different timing combinations or security mechanisms. Generally, a logical encryption card needs to be read and written by a password comparison, and an ordinary memory card can access the contents of the data storage area as long as the timing of the command is correct.

Input and output interface unit

This part is the interface with the outside world. All the data sent to the card and the data passed to the outside of the card are realized through this interface. According to the interface form of the card, the card can be divided into contact type and non-contact type, the contact type card surface has contact contacts, and the terminal device for operating the contact type card has a card holder inside, when data communication is performed. The contacts on the card and the contacts on the card must always be in contact; when the non-contact card is in data communication with the terminal device, it can operate normally within a certain distance without touching the card and the terminal. Together, there are also some cards that have both contact and non-contact interfaces, which we call dual interface cards.

In addition to the above three basic units, for a CPU card (in a strict sense, only a card with a CPU can be called a real smart card), it also has:

CPU unit for data processing

Used to execute embedded programs in a card to perform a specific application function. According to the processing capacity, there are currently 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit CPU applications in smart cards. According to the type of CPU, the 51 series is mainly used, as well as the 68HC05 series, the H8 series, the RISC series and the ARM series of the reduced instruction set.

ROM or flash unit for storing programs

User-written COS programs are masked into ROM or downloaded to Flash.

RAM unit for caching

It mainly includes some basic registers and RAM for temporarily storing data.

Encryption engine for enhanced features

For example, a hardware DES encryption module that implements the DES encryption algorithm, or a cryptographic coprocessor that speeds up RSA encryption processing.

The current smart card data storage space can reach several megabytes, and the program can reach hundreds of K, which is the result of the advancement of semiconductor technology. Compared with the storage space of only a few K in the past, the COS writers are more comfortable, and the developed card functions are more powerful.

Access control smart card purchase

At present, the access control system has become an extremely important part of the security system. In some developed countries, the control of the access control system replaces the passive monitoring method, and the control of the main channel greatly prevents the criminal from invading from the normal channel, and The crime can be stopped or reduced by restricting the scope of the offender’s activities by controlling the access door when the case occurs.

Inductive access control systems have more advantages than traditional contact-type access control systems (such as IC cards, magnetic cards, barcode cards, TM cards, etc.). Through the access control system, clear definition of personnel authority can be realized. Whether it is internal or external personnel, the scope of free access can be clearly defined through the setting of authority, and the entry and exit of personnel can be recorded for inquiry. Greatly liberated the pressure of personnel management, and can achieve the effect of saving manpower in the case of improving safety. At the same time, it can be combined with burglar alarm, attendance, patrol and other functions, and can also achieve control of other equipment through linkage, such as fire linkage, lighting and air conditioning control.

At present, the access control products available on the market generally include the following categories:

Independent simple access control system with independent controller as the main body

The independent controller integrates the card reader with the access control circuit, and implements various function settings through buttons on the surface of the controller, such as adding a card, deleting a card, and the like. As long as the card is registered, the card opening signal can be input at any time. This access controller cannot be networked, does not require background software drivers, and can only be single-door control.

This stand-alone simple access control system is only suitable for simple access control in small offices, there are no other strict security control logic (such as time period, combination, etc.), nor does it provide door opening logs, and it is impossible to monitor the personnel who come in and out. an examination. Represented by LCJ 2000.

Networked attendance/access control system based on the input and unlock signal of the attendance machine

This attendance/access control machine is implemented on the basis of the original mature attendance machine by adding one (or more) unlock signal interfaces. Such attendance/access control machines generally have a liquid crystal display and a keypad, and one (or more) card readers can be connected to realize the need to install the attendance/access control machine indoors. In addition, this attendance access control supports RS485 networking, and the background supports simple attendance software and simple access control management software (integrated with attendance software). It is represented by Junsi's JS168, and has been OEM by many card manufacturers. The market application is better.

Networked professional access control system with professional access controller and independent card reader as the main body

The main body of this access control system is divided into three parts: professional access controller, independent standard card reader and professional power supply chassis. The access controller is installed in the power supply chassis to form a whole. The power chassis provides power to the entire system, including: regulation/transformation and backup power. The power supply chassis is typically installed in a relatively concealed, safe place indoors. Unlike the attendance access control machine, this access control system is a professional access security control system, including all hardware and software design functions are completely required for access control.

In short, as a safe access control system, the choice of products is essential, otherwise it will be ineffective and will not meet the functional requirements of security control. To choose a smart card access control product, you should first choose a networked professional access control system.




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