-- Zhu Ningjia
Abstract This article discusses the relationship between folk art and design, and analyzes the combination of the three major systems of the folk arts: the material circle, the system circle and the psychological circle, and puts forward the concept of folk art product and product folk art.
Key words teachers' law; folk art; material circle; system circle; psychological circle
From the design of a modern design to the design of a person, from the emphasis on quality of life to the concern for people and nature, designers are looking for an entry point from philosophical thinking to historical culture and sustainable development. In view of the inheritance of folk arts, especially the drawing of nature, metaphorical natural features and purely intimate characters make the revival philosophy of "Nature and Nature" and "Heaven and Man" philosophic. And just designing also hopes to get rid of the “anti-intellectual†wind caused by the negative effects of high technology in the post-modern society and the cold, impatient anti-natural sentiments of the human in the bubble economy, adjust the rhythm, get rid of blind bondage, and explore the local domain of the nation. Excellent quality and internal sentiment have enabled local culture to surpass the introduction of culture. From this analysis, Chinese design with a good traditional cultural background must inevitably learn from the folk art, and this article will use the teacher-fath folk art as a starting point for design.
First, the folk art of design inspiration
Our own self is first part of an organic natural body, and it is deeply rooted like blood. This consciousness of ontology has been imperceptibly affecting the long period of human evolution. The modern conflict and deeper panic that are occupied by the processed unnatural steel reinforced concrete have in fact realized that the authority of the machine destroys the organic nature of human beings, and that human beings are subject to relevant material desires and emotional imbalances. With all the troubles, there is always a growing interest in archaeology. Humans believe that wealth in the past is richer than it is now, and the intimacy of legacy artifacts and inherited products has also emerged. The principle of human-centered design examines people's needs for survival to deeper psychological and self-fulfillment needs. Future design guidance will be more conceptual and self-designed and produced. Realize freedom in the true sense. Similar to the concept and craftsmanship of folk art. These two features make design and folk art more closely linked.
Folk art is commonly called folk art. Compared with the culture of the literati or the ruling class, folk art represents the unique cultural characteristics of the peasants and urban residents. First of all, it maintains more primary and has commonalities with art history and primitive art. Second, it is closer to the real material life and has a clear utilitarian significance. Its folklore connotation makes it border with folklore and ethnology, and its utilitarian significance and craftsmanship also intersect with the content of practical art and craftsmanship. What is interesting is that many of its features are closely related to some concepts, techniques, and forms of modern art. In particular, its lively and friendly human touch forms a wonderful relationship with the industrial design of modern society that is both exclusive and attractive.
From a more fundamental understanding of the folk art is a representation of the relationship between man and nature, whether active or passive folk art is indeed in harmony with nature. Modern design's research on folk art makes the relationship between man and nature return to humility once again. Unlike the ancients' totemism and conformity to the destiny, this time the theme of “Heaven and Man Oneness†will take the ecology as the background, with scientificity. And utilitarian. “The growth of human-controlled energy and its utilization is the most important symbol of cultural development.†From the perspective of the energy theory of cultural evolution, the future development will likely return to a simple life again, with no damage to nature. The first principle, based on which the study of the ancient ultra-stable structure and the village culture that has influenced so far, will give new inspiration to the modern people who have lost their coordinates. Folk art works are the living fossils of research.
The Memphes Group believes that “design is a kind of map that discusses life, society, politics, diet, and design itself.†Product functionality should reflect a culture or a system that changes with historical and cultural conditions. Investigating the folk art society found that there are indeed functional patterns, conceptual art, ethics, and social system factors in its creation view. For example, the relationship between the "device" and the "thing" in the village is the creation of the device in the village as a system, with the background of the influence, and is a combination of the material circle, the system circle and the psychological circle.
The material circle mainly considers the attribute design of the object itself, which is an important performance of folk art science. The same thing generally consists of material, color, type, and intention. Considering the relationship with industrial design, this article focuses on the materials and types of utensils in Hainan Li ethnic arts. Bamboo mill is a typical food processing tool for the Li nationality. Its production materials include: (1) Bamboo: The bamboo culm, the weft lining and the warp ray which are processed from yellow ripe bamboo are used as the basic material for the preparation. The characteristics are light and complete. Dense (modern chairs and lamps are often used for their luster, light, and light weight. It is also a characteristic building material, and it is easy to show a rustic cottage style). (2) Wood chips: Wood chips with a thickness of 0.5 cm, a length of 20 cm, and a width of 5-8 cm were machined from litchi wood and longan wood with relatively high hardness. (Privately inherited empirical data on natural materials is valuable scientific information that has been practiced.) (3) Red clay: use of non-stabilized red clay and salt to stir dry for fighting purposes. Using special materials, characteristics and research materials The relationship with materials, physical relations and chemical relations, red clay as a unique local material, makes the utensils have both characteristics and economy, which is the key to the design drawing. For another example, human-shaped bone carvings are the headdresses of women of the Li nationality. They are carved by cows' bones and bones by folk artists and are divided into two heads and single heads. In fact, people are surrounded by a world of materials. However, it is not enough to find the eye of a material. It is also necessary to have hands that are able to process materials, that is, to increase the added value of materials, and to express keen and delicate expressions. So there are paper arts, cloth arts, plastic arts and other techniques, including many avant-garde designs are often ingenuity in materials, different materials handling the same form of the technique was used by the Finnish designer Kuka Polo for the design of its Chinese chair ( Hardwood and plywood), with its utilitarian purpose can also adapt to different markets. It can be seen that the ecological perspective of drawing nature from nature and the natural beauty of the material itself is the inspiration for the design of folk art. Let's look at the processing of folk art and devices. If a civilian artifact is given, scientists can restore its geographical environment and age characteristics according to its material, and according to the shape, it can further study the humanistic characteristics of the region, customs, customs, and this is to achieve a truly geographical Sex and nationality are also characteristics of folk art. There are two kinds of effects in the consideration of the shape of folk art: First, the functional utility of folk artifacts; second, the “five-degree space†in folk graphic arts, and the strong symbolism and conception. The three-dimensional shape of folk art is mainly artifacts, which emphasizes roundness and fullness, and is simple and smooth, especially as it conforms to the form of raw materials, which not only reduces the difficulty of processing but also has a rustic charm. As a solitary bench, it hollowed out the middle of a 30-centimeter-high, 25-centimeter-diameter log, leaving a few cylindrical supports around it, and the columns curved outwards into a simple curved shape. In addition, similar hollowing techniques include steamers, dumb barrels, and dumb drums. The purpose of pursuing pure utilitarianism is not an exaggeration for folk art, because its various forms are completely subordinate to practicality, showing the simple and straightforward personality traits of the people, and its “provincial province†manufacturing process also deserves “the most effectiveâ€. Principles" experts study it. For example, a fish cage, also known as "Like," has a variety of shapes, such as a straight barrel-shaped trapezoid, a trapezoidal narrow-waist type (in a parallel river, deep in the river), and a "V"-shaped fish cage (parallel or spiral). , placed in the steep river water); "V"-shaped narrow-neck fish cage (spiral weaving method, placed in the water stream at the field). (1) These morphological variations due to functional considerations and processing procedures that are considered in morphological form are used rationally and scientifically, and are flexible in keeping with the place of life. Obviously, the morphological variation is very rigorous in the design. Although based on functional considerations, a simple curve is likely to lead to the reset of the process. The designer has a heavy responsibility and often needs to perform matching calculation at the equilibrium point.
The institutional circle of folk art mainly refers to the influence of ethical morals and customs on folk crafts. Without content, there is no art of folk art without a story. What the story reflects is exactly what the system does. There are six tapestry hangings in Hainan Provincial Museum of Ethnology. They are the bumper harvest map, the wedding map, the memorial map, the soul-fighting map, the warrior map, and the Zuchong map. They are divided into three parts, the heaven and the earth, from the top down. There are independent stories depicting customs, such as hunting, farming, celebration, worship, and totem worship. From the perspective of semantics, these works are strongly metaphorical. The form design in the works is also highly abstract and hyperrealistic. These rich imaginations are the products of artists going deep into the people and experiencing life. It can be seen that the design thinking originates from life (will be understood) but it is higher than life (summarized).
The psychological circle symbolizes the primitive thinking mode in the folk art. It believes that “everything has its spirit†was replaced by religion in the inheritance of the millennium. The main reason is that the hidden aspirations of modern people need to rely on primitive thinking. In addition, people's ontological consciousness, people have a concept of subject freedom: Chinese people are accustomed to their own understanding, work is not only a means to achieve a certain purpose, people engage in work, but also enjoy personal existence. Many folk art The product has a serious humanistic meaning. Once its form and structure are generally used together, people will no longer pursue the scientific and comfortable aspects of their use. They will endeavor to explore the social and psychological values ​​that they may possess. For example, chopsticks, in fact, the functional expression of chopsticks is the flexible use of human hands, not chopsticks themselves, the real product is to induce people's deep abilities and needs, and promote human progress. Therefore, it may be more important to consider the function of guiding oneself in the long run than to increase the function of the product, because the hands and mind are equally important. The cleansing style of modern products is likely to cause the degradation of people's hands or other parts. This is a factor that designers should consider.
Second, the folk art product and product folk art
It is an important choice facing the people's arts in the contemporary era to retain original flavors, to become more product-oriented, and to modernize. Let's compare it to music to understand: The relationship between rock music and classical music is just like the relationship between contemporary design and folk art. In the final analysis, music is “Romance,†and classical music masters’ works are deeply loved, but they are difficult to create because the environment in which these forms of music have changed is filled with steel, cement, hard plastic products, frozen food, and automobiles. Exhaust gas, nuclear threats, and urban canyons, there was a match for heavy metal rock music. Some people called it "love-lack disease." In fact, the contemporary design also got "love lacks disease" because of the shrinking of people's contacts in the projected information and the separation of people from nature. Raising the virtual phenomenon on the highway will lead to the creation of non-material world. People advocate eco-design not only from a scientific point of view, but also expect that attention to nature can inspire human love, advocate warmth design, and design in Japan with wind and water. The theme of the land and the compilation is very far-sighted. Returning to music, in order to integrate the advantages of classical music, musicians plugged in the piano and turned it around.